Hypertension

Hypertension is a condition in which the level of blood pressure is stably increased, which is fixed by repeated measurements. Increased pressure is an accompanying factor in many diseases and can cause the development of complications from the cardiovascular system.

Hypertension requires constant control and drug treatment. In the modern clinic "Medcentrservice" you can undergo a full examination, if necessary, the doctor will select effective therapy.

Varieties of arterial hypertension

The most common mixed form of hypertension, in which both systolic and diastolic pressure rises. Less commonly, only one type of blood pressure is growing, which is characteristic of the elderly.

Due to the occurrence, 2 types of arterial hypertension are distinguished:

1. Primary or essential. It is impossible to establish the exact cause of the disease, since there are no pathologies that could provoke an increase in pressure. Most often, essential hypertension appears due to stresses, a sedentary lifestyle, as a result of a genetic predisposition.
2. Secondary. A consequence of other diseases, you can accurately determine the cause of increased pressure. In most cases, secondary hypertension develops if a person has kidney diseases.

Depending on the level of systolic and diastolic pressure, 3 degrees of hypertension are distinguished:

• 1 degree. It proceeds in a soft form, an increase in systolic blood pressure to 140 mm Hg is noted. Art. , diastolic - up to 90 mm Hg. Art.
• 2 degree. Moderate, pressure rises to 180/110 mm RT. Art. Organic lesions of the organs of the cardiovascular system may be observed.
• 3 degree. There is an increase in systolic and/or diastolic pressure to the mark of 200/115 mm Hg. Art. This condition can cause serious complications, since the blood supply to the internal organs is disturbed.

Important! If the 1st degree hypertension is not treated, then there is a high probability that the disease will progress. Very high pressure indicators can provoke a hypertensive crisis, which is fraught with stroke.

Complications

With a long or severe course of hypertension, complications can occur. Among the most dangerous, they highlight:

1. The lesion of the brain that develops into a stroke. The consequences of the disease are unpredictable, and the rehabilitation period takes a lot of time.
2. Heart diseases and circulatory system - myocardial infarction, arterial aneurysm.
3. Kidney diseases. Against the background of arterial hypertension, renal failure may develop, a imbalance in the volume of salt and fluid in the body may occur.

Frequent complication is hypertensive crises. Periodic short -term pressure lifts are accompanied by severe headache, vomiting, and rapid heartbeat.

Diagnosis and examination with increasing blood pressure

Hypertension can lead to serious complications, so it is important to diagnose the disease in a timely manner. First, you need to measure the pressure and examine the so-called target organs.

The steps necessary for making the diagnosis of "hypertension" and calculating the severity of the disease:

1. Pressure measurement is independent periodic at home, in the doctor’s office.
2. Passing the analysis of blood and urine.
3. Assessment of the work of the heart muscle - is performed using a phonedoscope or more detailed - through an ECG or ultrasound of the heart.
4. Dopplerography - allows you to assess the state of blood passing through the vessels to the heart.
5. Arteriography - makes it possible to see the condition of arterial walls.
6. Inspection of the eye bottom - necessary at the initial stage of hypertension. With an increase in the pressure of the retinal vein, the eyes expand, and the arteries are narrowed.
7. Ultrasound of the kidneys and adrenal glands - the study allows you to evaluate the work of the kidneys, to identify damage to the renal tissue.

Important! At the first signs of hypertension, you must definitely consult a doctor. Timely diagnosis and complete examination will allow you to choose effective treatment and avoid complications.

Hypertension prevention

For the prevention of hypertension, you need to adhere to a number of simple recommendations:

1. Regularly measure blood pressure, lead a diary with its indicators. Even a small deviation of 10 mm Hg. Art. systolic or diastolic blood pressure, if this happens regularly, can become an alarming bell.
2. Follow the way of life - motor activity, nutrition, exclude bad habits.
3. Study regularly at the doctor.

Compliance with these simple rules will help minimize risks.

Rules for measuring blood pressure for diagnosis of arterial hypertension

To get an objective picture when measuring pressure, it is important:

1. At least half an hour before the procedure, abandon smoking, consumption of tea, coffee, alcohol and other stimulating drinks, meals, and physical exertion.
2. When measuring the pressure, take a convenient position and do not cross your legs.
3. The manometer should be at the level of the heart.
4. To minimize errors, it is recommended to repeat the procedure 2-3 times.
5. The difference between the indicators on the left and right hand can be 10 mm Hg. Art. Or even 20 mm Hg. Art.

To obtain an objective picture, regularly measure the pressure at home and add data to the diary.

Hypertension is one of the most common diseases among people of different ages. Therefore, it is important to be responsible for your health and periodically examine the doctor.

The causes of hypertension

Sometimes blood pressure can increase in an absolutely healthy person - this is a natural reaction of the body to stress and physical activity. If in a calm state, at least with three control measurements, there is an increase in blood pressure to 140/90 mm Hg. Art. Or more, there is a probability of a diagnosis - hypertension.

The disease develops due to impaired mechanisms that regulate blood pressure. There are several reasons provoking the increase in blood pressure:

1. Congenital or acquired renal arterial hypertension. In case of violation of renal blood flow, the kidneys are released into the body an increased amount of substance called Renin. As a result, a spasm of small vessels occurs, the vascular walls are gradually thicken, an excess of fluid is delayed in the bloodstream. The described processes increase the load on the heart, provoke an increase in blood pressure.
2. Nervous overstrain. Stress and chronic fatigue often lead to the development of hypertension.
3. Hormonal malfunctions and metabolic disorder. They lead to circulatory disorders in the tissues.

Often an increase in blood pressure is observed with age. For people 20–40 years, normal pressure is 120/70–130/80 mm Hg. Art. , 40-60 years - 140/90 mm Hg. Art. , over 60 years old - 140/90–150/90 mm Hg. Art.

A fairly common cause of pathology is heredity. Also, factors provoking high pressure include:

• smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages;
• sedentary lifestyle;
• overweight;
• Improper nutrition.

If a person has a history of at least one of the above risk factors, it is recommended to regularly undergo a physical examination and take all the necessary tests. It is important to consider that hypertension at the initial stage can develop without pronounced symptoms.

Symptoms of hypertension

Hypertension is an insidious disease. At the initial stage, pathology may not show itself, but asymptomatic course is no less dangerous. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly measure blood pressure and undergo a medical examination. This is especially important for patients from a risk group.

The first symptoms of hypertension:

• frequent headaches;
• nasal bleeding;
• violation of heart rhythm;
• vision of vision;
• tinnitus.

With more severe hypertension, the above symptoms may join:

• weakness;
• nausea;
• vomit;
• muscle tremor;
• confusion;
• Pain in the chest.

Often people write off the appearance of symptoms of hypertension to general fatigue. But when the first alarming bells appear, you should immediately consult a doctor. With increased pressure, the heart and kidneys work with the maximum load, which can lead to hypertonic crisis, cardiac and renal failure.

Hypertension treatment

Hypertension is a chronic disease, in the treatment of which a comprehensive approach is needed:

• Change in lifestyle - it is recommended to increase motor activity, monitor the diet;
• The use of drug therapy will help reduce blood pressure and avoid complications.

Pay attention! Only a doctor can prescribe drug treatment and select the dosage of drugs. You can not self -medicate in order not to aggravate the situation even more.

This article is posted solely for the purpose of familiarization for cognitive purposes and is not a scientific material or professional medical council. For diagnosis and treatment, consult a doctor.